运动 ( 4 video)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XEREmldX7mg&list=PLQoHPONMTw8NP13kcYQU7Plrew3wf-hvP
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搞混及记忆重点
muscle spindle 肌梭: stretch reflex 防止过度拉伸
Golgi tendon organ: tension of muscle
What is the function of Golgi tendon organ? Inhibition contraction 抑制收缩 用力举东西，突然举不动，就是Golgi tendon organ contract.
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1:05:52 20210713 MBLEX 美国联邦按摩考题大纲 运动 肌肉组成+肌肉收缩+本体感受器
KINESIOLOGY (12%)
What is the term for the study of the movement of the body?研究身体运动的术语是什么?
(The study of muscle or body movement is) (肌肉或身体运动的研究是)
Kinesiology 运动机能学
A. Components and characteristics of muscles 肌肉的组成和特征
- actin 肌动蛋白
- myosin 肌球蛋白；肌浆球蛋白；肌球朊
- titin 肌联蛋白；肌聚蛋白；肌弹力蛋白
Myofilaments are the three protein filaments of myofibrils in muscle cells. The main proteins involved are myosin, actin, and titin. Myosin and actin are the contractile proteins and titin is an elastic protein.
Epimysium 肌外膜
Perimysium 外肌束膜
Endomysium 内肌膜
1. What is the functional unit of the muscle in muscle fiber? 肌纤维中肌肉的功能单位是什么?
Actin 肌动蛋白 (图中紫色)
2. Which term identifies the basic contractile unit of a muscle fiber? 哪个术语标识了肌肉纤维的基本收缩单位?
Sarcomere 肌节
3. Which of the following connective tissue lies just under the skin and wraps around the muscles and mucsle fibers? 以下哪个结缔组织位于皮下并包裹肌肉和肌纤维?
Fascia 筋膜
4. What is widest muscle in the human body? 人体最宽的肌肉是什么?
Latissimus dorsi 背阔肌
5. The organization of muscle fibers in the Gluteus Maximus would be best be described as
臀大肌中肌纤维的组织最好描述为
Parallel 平行
6. The gluteus maximus muscle is what shape? 臀大肌是什么形状?
Rhomboidal 菱形
7. Which of the following belongs to bipennate muscle fiber? 下列哪项属于双羽肌纤维?
Rectus femoris 股直肌
8. The organization of muscle fibers in the Rectus femoris would best be described as:股直肌中肌纤维的组织最好描述为
Which fibro shown is the rectus femoris ? 哪个纤维是股直肌?
Bipennate 双羽
9. Pectoralis major muscle fiber is? 胸大肌纤维是?
(What does pectoralis major look like?) ? )
Converge 汇聚型
10.Which muscle has the longest tendon in the body Plantaris 跖肌
B. Concepts of muscle contractions
肌肉收缩的概念
Where is the source for energy of muscle contract breakdown?
Adenosine TriphosPhate 三磷酸腺苷 (ATP not ADP)
An isotonic contraction is a muscle contraction that maintains constant tension while the muscle's length changes. This type of contraction occurs when the force of contraction is equal to the total load on the muscle. Isotonic contractions are different from isokinetic contractions, which keep the muscle's speed constant.
Holding as dozen of drinking cans in hand describes which type of muscle contraction? 手里拿着十几个饮料罐描述的是哪种肌肉收缩?: Isometric contraction 等长收缩【等距】
The joint has no movement, the contraction is? 关节没有运动,收缩是? Isometric 等长【等距】
Best describe isometric contraction? 最好描述等长收缩?(During an isometric contraction, the muscle fibers will) (在等长收缩期间,肌肉纤维会): muscle fiber remain the length 肌纤维保持长度
In which type of muscle contraction, there is no change in length of the muscle? 在哪种类型的肌肉收缩中,肌肉的长度没有变化? (Name the type of contraction in which movement does not occur) (命名不发生运动的收缩类型): Isometric 等长【等距】
When practitioner doing passive ROM on client, What is the type of muscle contraction? 当从业者对客户进行被动ROM时,肌肉收缩的类型是什么? : Eccentric 偏心
What muscle contraction it is when the muscle length became shortened? 当肌肉长度变短时,它是什么肌肉收缩? (Which type of contraction creates shortening of a muscle?)(哪种收缩会导致肌肉缩短?): Concentric 同心
When moving a bag of flour from overhead shelf, what is deltoid muscle contract? 从架空架子上搬一袋面粉时,三角肌收缩是什么? : Concentric 同心
Tapotement on muscle belly and the tonicity increases, this property of muscle is 叩抚法肌腹,张力增加,肌肉的这种特性是: Contractibility 可收缩性
C. Proprioceptors 本体感受器
Nerve receptors which respond to stimuli such as touch, pressure, and vibration are 对触觉、压力和振动等刺激作出反应的神经感受器是: machanoreceptors 机械感受器
Which sensory receptor is response for pressure, touch and stimuli ? 哪个感觉受体对压力、触觉和刺激有反应? (Which of the following sensory receptor sense touch, pressure, and vibration?) (以下哪个感受器能感知触觉、压力和振动?): mechanoreceptors 机械感受器
Where are mechanoreceptors located? 机械感受器位于何处?: PNS 周围神经系统
== Proprioceptors: Golgi tendon organs==
1. Muscle spindles are found primarily in the (Where is spindle cell located?) (梭形细胞位于何处?): muscle belly 肌腹
2. The proprioceptive cell responsible for the stretch reflex [ 反射 不自觉的动作 ] is the? 负责牵张反射的本体感受细胞是? (Which proprioceptor responds to a sudden stretch?): muscle spindle 肌梭: Note: Muscle spindle 做 contract, 防止 muscle over-stretched.
== Proprioceptors: Golgi tendon organs==
临床应用:推拿时按压高尔基腱器官有利于放松肌肉。
1. The receptor located at the muscle attachment that monitoring the tension of muscle is called? 位于肌肉附著处监测肌肉张力的感受器叫什么? Golgi tendon organ 高尔基体腱器官
2. Golgi tendon organs are located at the 高尔基肌腱器官位于: musculotendinous junction 肌腱连接处
3. What is the function of Golgi tendon organ? 高尔基体腱器官的功能是什么?: Inhibition contraction 抑制收缩
2 1:47:48 20210715 MBLEX 美国联邦按摩考题大纲 运动 肌肉位置运动
D. Locations, attachments (origins, insertions), actions and fiber directions of muscles 位置,附属(起点,终点),动作和肌肉纤维走向
1. The most stationary attachment of the muscle is the 肌肉最固定的附着点是: origin 起源
2. Which of the following muscles inserts on the coronoid process of the mandible? 下列哪块肌肉插入下颌骨冠突?: Temporalis 颞肌
3. Extraocular muscles control the movement of 眼外肌控制的运动 (The orbicularis oculi muscle moved the) (眼轮匝肌移动): eyes 眼睛
4. The six extraocular muscles that control eye movement are the superior rectus, inferior rectus, lateral rectus, medial rectus, superior oblique, and inferior oblique.
5. Which is the main muscle for chewing 咀嚼的主要肌肉是哪个 (The main muscle for chewing (mastication) is?) (咀嚼咀嚼)的主要肌肉是?) : Masseter 咬肌
6. A gland is located in which muscles front? [parotid gland 腮腺]: Masseter 咬肌
The parotid gland is located in front of the masseter muscle, between the sternocleidomastoid muscle and the masseter. ??? 前面 superficial
7. Which gland structure in on the superficial of masseter? 咬肌表面的哪个脉体结构? Parotid 腮腺
8. Muscle inserting into the fascia of the neck 插入颈部筋膜的肌肉 (The most superficial muscles of the in front of the neck) (颈部前方最表层的肌肉): Platysma 颈肌
9. Temporomandibular joint(TMJ) functionality by which muscle group movements? 颞下颌关节 (TMJ) 功能由哪些肌肉群运动? : temporalis, masseter 颞肌、咬肌 [ close mouth] platysma 颈肌 [ open mouth]
10. An accessory muscle of respiration is the 呼吸的辅助肌是: posterior scalene 后斜角肌
Scalene muscles are 斜角肌是
an accessory to inhalation 辅助吸气
[ Note: 呼吸系统是respiration ，呼气，吸气 inhale, exhale]
前中anterior scalene middle scalene 压迫臂丛神经 brachial plexus, cause thoracic outlet syndrome
11. Which of the following is the only muscle that moves the head but is not attached to any part of the spine 下列哪一块是唯一能移动头部但不与脊柱任何部分相连的肌肉: Sternocleidomastoid 胸锁乳突肌
12. Which of the muscle can perform the flexion of the neck 哪块肌肉可以屈颈 [lower head, 低头]
(Which of the following muscle is capable of flexing the neck?) (以下哪块肌肉有能力颈?)
sternocleidomastoid 胸锁乳突肌
13. Which muscle performs bilateral neck flexion unilateral lateral neck flexion and rotation of the head to the opposite 哪块肌肉进行双侧颈部屈曲 单侧侧颈部屈曲和头部向对侧旋转: sternocleidomastoid 胸锁乳突肌
14. Levator scapulae is inserted into 提肌肩胛骨肌插入: Superior and medial border of scapula 肩胛骨上缘和内侧缘
15. Muscle primarily responsible for elevation of the scapula? Levator scapulae 肩胛提肌
16. Which muscle has attachment on the clavicle sternum? pectoralis major 胸大肌 or SCM
17. Pushing up exercise can strength which muscle 俯卧撑锻炼可以强健哪块肌肉: Pectoralis major 胸大肌
18. Pectoralis minor and coracobrachialis attach which process? 胸小肌和喙肱肌[huigong]附着在哪个突起上 : Coracoids process 喙突
19. Which muscle is attached between ribs and coracoids process?肋骨和喙突之间连着哪块肌肉? pectoralis minor 胸小肌
3 1:25:29 20210720 MBLEX 美国联邦按摩考题大纲 运动 肌肉位置运动+关节类型
4 1:23:31 20210722 MBLEX 美国联邦按摩考题大纲 运动 关节结构+运动范围
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